How do solar cells work?

We 've had several years ago during a solar revolution, which is the main principle - that day will come when we will provide free electricity use. The main source of electricity is the sun. Testing has shown that a single class raudrojnbala ksetraphale 1000 watts per day in the sun surface, the equivalent radiation of light energy! However, if we can collect this energy in our homes and offices fĪŪlĄVĄ prabhrtike court can fully bidyutayita. 

  That we are saurakosasamuha syatelaite calculator or photo voltaic cells, or module (module is located in the same frame a bunch of useful cells are those associated ilektrikali). Photo means light and electricity Voltaic means.Photo voltaic cell that refers to alokatarit cells, which alokasaktike electricity - in the transform.   Alokatarit ardhaparibahi cells (Semiconductor) or formed material. Silicon is currently used by more than a ardhaparibahi. Basically, when these cells come to light when the light is absorbed by a particular part of the ardhaparibahi. The light energy may be nuclear free, and the Elect ilektranake it can move freely. Cells that each contain one or more taritksetra alokatarit or those forced to work in the free electron depending on an individual. This is ilektranera prabahai bidyutprabaha created. Tissue above and below the metal plate attached to the outside of the flow is bidyutke.   Here is the original process, but the actual events and more profound.Silicon cells are created by an actual event, let's look more deeply -   There are some special chemical properties silikanera. Electron in a silicon atom, 14, who has 3 different saktistare furnished. The first two stages have been completed near the center of the Elect. Ardhapurna the last layer, the electron is in 4. Each silicon atom is always full to the last layer, that is, to achieve 8 per electron. This uddyese, located close to each silicon atom with four atoms share the electron. This means that each atom with surrounding atoms, the confinement structure. I think it is, with each atom has four hands and four atoms of the other. The structure consists of sphatikakara, which are necessary for cell alokatarit.   Etaksana pure silicon crystal, we discuss it. Roughly pure silicon insulator of electricity, natural conditions, because it does not have a free electron. If you want to use this silikanake saurakosa as little change to crystallize the silicon.   Silicon is used as a saurakose adulterate or corrupted. Mixed with other atoms in the silicon paramanusamuhera silicon compound is prepared. As a result of this change is a function silikanera. Although we usually think bhejalake anakanksita, the adulteration - the e-cell function and complete control. In reality, this is a wish to adulteration. The presence of phosphorus atoms per million, considered to be a lesson in silikanera. Level 5 is the electron sarbabahisthah phosphorus atoms. Bound electron with the four neighboring atoms, but these four silikanera muktai to be an electron, which is not tied to any bond.   When pure silicon is saktiprapta (for example, to obtain heat energy), then some of their free atoms leave the electron confinement. As a result, each electron leaving a hole is created. When the silicon crystal ilektranagulo goods selling in the gallop, and the continuous reading of the hole to find the goods selling for. The carrier said ilektaranaguloke free and modern transportation and electricity. This number is so low that they silikane pure ilektranera important role in the electrical transportation is not. This is one of pure silicon insulator for electricity. However, the phosphorus associated with different silikanera adulteration. The very small amount of phosphorus addition ilektranagulo saktitei be free - because this is not bound ilektranagulo no bond. Compared to the adulteration of pure silikanera silikane more carriers available for transporting electricity. Mesanoke dopim the adulteration of pure silikanera. When phosphorus is then mixed to obtain silikanake N-type silicon is called adulteration. The negative charge of the electron carriers as well as his work, and "n"-type is called. It is seen that, ask for a better power paribahaka ilektranera dopinkrta pure silicon.   In fact, one part of the solar cell is N-type. The other part of the borana dopim is called the P-type silicon. There are 3 electron boranera sarbabahisthah saktistare. As a result of the P-type silikane extra electron, instead of creating excess holera, which are carriers of electrical work. Ilektranera anupasthitii the hole, so that opposite charges ilektranera holera charged positive. Holera positive charge that "p"-type is called. Holaguloo ilektranera the same movement.   Amazing event only occurs when the N-type and P-type silikanake kept together. Attached is a taritksetrera sanyogasthale duidharanera silikanake this is. Taritksetra without the light - electrical cell (Photovoltaic cell) will not work in any way. This means that each of the light - Elect the cell must be at least a taritksetra.   

Now let's look at the N-type and P-type silikanake connected to what actually occurs. N-type-and P-type-of holaguloke ilektranagulo free and very quick to find the full holagulo. The connectors of the N-type-positive charge and negative charge-and N-type-of the creation. Now the question is that, for all the free electron - e is the full holaguloke. No, because that is taritksetrera sanyogasthale a direction that is further from the N-type P-type-of ilektranake come to work as a barrier. Taritksetra which was once an equilibrium is produced when two separate parsbake them. 

Figure 1 - Light electrical effect on cell electrical field

Now we will look into that, and this is what his state of the light. When photana (light particles) hit the saurakosake the electron - hole pairs can be broken and as a result of the free electron. Photana only an adequate amount of each saktibisista ilektranake free and as well as a hole - and the creation. This event occurs if you have created or produced electron and hole taritksetrera taritksetrera goods selling in the region around the turn, but the N-type-of taritksetrati an electron and a hole on the P-type-sent. If you have any connections with the outside of the arrangement, but with a P-type ilektranagulo the way to go to reach the area, and the hole - in the fall. And the creation of this prabahai ilektranera taritprabaha kosatira bibhaba taritksetra a difference to maintain. Taritprabaha and bibhaba difference - this is either equal to the product meeting the Power yakina pie.

Picture of - light method of electronic cell 

Now the question is - what is the amount of solar cells alokatarit can absorb?It is sad but true that, in most cells, only a 5 percent share of total solar energy can be exploited.   The light of different wavelengths of the sun's light energy with different photanera. Since the light incident on saurakosera photanera different energy, the electron - to create enough energy for all photanera holayugala patron. That the light of electron - holayugala creation fails, the light can not exceed saurakosake. Only a certain amount of energy than the same amount of energy thakalei photana ilektranake can open. The value of this energy is sphatikakara silikanera 1.1eV (electron V). Band gap energy of these standards, we think of energy. If the amount of energy than the energy of any photanera udabrtta power, but can be damaged. It is about a 70 percent share of solar energy can be damaged. The question now is, why we are also more photanake exploitations for the use of low band gap energy of materials with karina? Although it is true that ill, band gap energy-E of the energy produced taritksetrera. Substances produced by specialized cells in the low band gap energy value bibhaba differences will be negligible, which is not acceptable. 1.4eV energy is roughly the value that is ideal for saurakosera.   In addition, there are also some loss of energy-related loss saurakose photanera. The flow cell is connected to an external ilektranagulo. The following is part of the cell through the winter is a good taritparibahitara for tantalum. The top cover is purnabhabe ansao If, however, taritparibahi photana opaque material can not be stopped and taritprabaha. I used some transparent substance taritparibahi. However, if we want to double-sided metallic connection sanyogasthale paumchabara only way to overcome the mass ilektranaguloke. And it prevents the metal as well as silikanera taritparibahi besakhanikata way through its not therefore be difficult to overcome ilektranera. This loss can be increased. The limit for loss by the metal grid is kosaguloke winter. It can not exceed more than one way to ilektranaguloke.   There is also a problem. It is - Silicon is a shiny substance. The incident, which was reflected back to the photanera anekansa. For this reason, the upper part of the kosatira apratiphalaka cover the material. Kosaguloke Finally, the glass cover with a lid that does not come in contact with substances that may anyakona cells. Receiving a significant amount of electricity for bibhaba and some cells (usually 36) need to be connected according to the PV module is created. With glass lid, then cover the whole of the last module.